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What Happens to a Kampung When the Highway Comes Through

What Happens to a Kampung When the Highway Comes Through

The road is real. The progress is real. And something else is real too.

Drive along almost any major highway in Peninsular Malaysia and you'll pass, if you're paying attention, what the maps now call an interchange or a junction but which was, not so long ago, a specific place with a specific name that people from there still call it. Somewhere along the construction process it became a coordinate. It became useful infrastructure. It became something that gets you places faster.

What it used to be varies. A cluster of houses around a communal well. A small market that operated on Saturdays. A stretch of road with a mosque on one end and a temple on the other and a decades-old understanding between the people who used both. These things existed in the particular, unglamorous, irreplaceable way that communities exist, slowly, through accumulated time, through the same families being in the same place long enough to know each other's business and show up when needed.

Compensation is paid, of course. There are legal processes. The government doesn't simply bulldoze without going through the proper channels. But what those processes are calibrated to compensate is property, land value, structure value, not community value, which isn't a recognised category in any valuation exercise.

A family receives money for their house and relocates to a new flat two towns over. The money is fair by the formula that calculated it. The new flat has better plumbing than the old house ever did. By several measurable metrics, the family is better off.

But the uncle who fixed motorcycles at the end of their road, who had done so since the 1970s and knew which spare parts worked for which bikes and could be paid in instalments, he relocated somewhere else. And the woman who kept her garden going and had been trading cuttings with the neighbours for years, she moved too, to a different area. And the mosque still exists technically, somewhere in the new catchment, but it's a different one, full of different faces.

Nobody writes about this in the project briefs. It doesn't have a line in the environmental impact assessment. Displacement of community is not the same category as displacement of fauna, though both happen.

The argument against roads is a hard one to make. Roads reduce commute times for millions of people. They open access to hospitals, schools, markets. The kampung that sat on a piece of strategic land was not going to prevent the city from growing, nor would it have been kind to expect it to. Progress landed there because progress lands somewhere.

What deserves to be resisted is the idea that the people who lived there have nothing to grieve. That because the compensation was legally correct, the loss is fully acknowledged. That because the road is necessary, the thing it passed through wasn't.

The interchange is busy now, three lanes each way, well-maintained. People use it every day without knowing what was there before.

But someone should remember it was a place.